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Анотація
У науковому огляді сучасних досліджень вчених всього світу розглядається можливість та перспективи одержання олійно-жирової продукції із вторинних ресурсів виноробної галузі. Це вичавки та виноградне насіння, які одержані з продуктів переробки виноробної галузі. Приведені наукові дослідження відіграють вирішальну роль у просуванні сталих процесів і технологій для використання побічних продуктів промисловості як потенційних джерел корисних сполук з метою зменшення впливу виноробної промисловості на навколишнє середовище. Слід зазначити, що ряд факторів впливає на склад виноградних вичавок, таких як сорт винограду, характеристики врожаю, переробка вина тощо. Склад виноградної вичавки залежить від типу процесу та умов, у яких здійснювалося виноробство. Однак вона є багатим джерелом декількох сполук, особливо харчових волокон і поліфенольних сполук. Отже, іншою валоризацією цього побічного продукту є отримання порошків з виноградних вичавок, які можна використовувати як сировину для виробництва вишуканих функціональних харчових продуктів, таких як хліб і макаронні вироби, кекси, крекери,тістечка,мафіни, піца, солодке та закусочне печиво, цукерки. Виноградні вичавки забезпечують їх поживними речовинами та унікальними органолептичними властивостями.
Виноградне насіння, що міститься у вичавках, побічному продукті, отриманому після виробництва вина або соку, застосовується для виробництва виноградної олії. Воно становить приблизно 20% ваги винограду та від 40 до 60% сухої речовини. Кількість олії, що міститься в насінні, здебільшого залежить від сорту винограду і зазвичай коливається від 10% до 16% сухої ваги.
Відома в даний час технологія вилучення корисних компонентів з насіння ягід винограду, заснована на їх підготовці та пресуванні на шнекових пресах з використанням операцій швидкого сушіння вичавок, виділення насіння з вичавок, очищенням і сепаруванням насіння від домішок та сушінню виноградного насіння до залишкового вмісту вологи – 11-12 %.
Велике значення надається розробкам технологій вилучення олії при пом’якшенні технологічного впливу на сировину. Тому сучасні розробники все більшу увагу приділяють технологіям переробки виноградного насіння методом екстракції. Існуючі технологічні схеми ґрунтуються на застосуванні екстракції олій такими вуглеводневими розчинниками як петролейний ефір, гексан або бензинами з аналогічними температурами кипіння.
Здатність олії з виноградного насіння впливати на роботу мембран клітин, перешкоджати окислювальним процессам дозволяє попереджати і лікувати захворювання серця і судин.
Олія з виноградного насіння є одним з найбагатших природних джерел токоферолів, які є одними з найпотужніших жиророзчинних антиоксидантів. Було показано, що олія сприяє лікуванню злоякісних пухлин: рак молочної залози, рак простати, рак легенів та нирок, колоректального раку та рак інших органів.
Препарати на основі олії з виноградного насіння покращують стан слизових оболонок, перешкоджають виникненню катаракти і зміцнюють імунну систему, лікують хворобу Альцгеймера, парадонт, широко застосовуються як засоби лікувально-профілактичної дії і для поліпшення якості життя, і в ряді випадків не мають аналогів серед синтетичних лікарських засобів.
При постійному застосуванні всередину по 15 мл олії (щодня) підвищується потенція, збільшуються фази ерекції, з’являється більше здорових сперматозоїдів і поліпшується вироблення гормонів передміхуровою залозою.
Високий вміст антиоксидантів дозволяє прискорити ріст волосся, поліпшити стан шкіри, підвищити щільність нігтів. Багатий вітамінний склад допомагає згладити прояви гормонального дисбалансу, поліпшити стан при ПМС і клімаксі, відновити цикл, допоможе стабілізувати рівень гормонів для здатності до запліднення. Якщо вживати олію після лікування гормонами, можна швидше вивести всі небезпечні речовини з організму і поліпшити стан пацієнта.
Науковці багатьох країн світу вивчали різноманітність виходу олії, жирних кислот, токоферолів, токотрієнолів і стеринів, порівнювали хімічний склад олій з виноградного насіння, отриманих різними методами, в різних умовах та з різних сортів винограду: бразильських, іспанських, німецьких, польських та латвійських, португальських, румунських, сербських, туніських, турецьких, італійських та інших.
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Посилання
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