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Анотація
В Україні хміль, в основному, переробляють у гранули тип 90, які практично не відрізняються за біохімічними показниками від шишкового хмелю. Для України гранули хмелю – це єдиний вітчизняний ресурс хмелепродукції, який може стати альтернативою імпортованим гранулам та екстрактам, що використовуються у пивоварінні. Проведені комплексні дослідження оцінки гранул хмелю тип 90 ароматичних та гірких сортів, вироблених в Україні та країнах Європи, дали можливість встановити, що вони мають різний біохімічний склад, а звідси і різну пивоварну цінність. Встановлено відмінності за абсолютним значенням таких показників, як масова частка альфа-кислот, бета-кислот та їх склад, ксантогумолу, ефірної олії, співвідношенням у них цінних сполук хмелю: b-кислот до a-кислот, а також компонентів ефірної олії. Визначено, що в гранулах хмелю ароматичних сортів уміст альфа-кислот коливається від 3,3% у сорті Клон 18 до 5,9% в гранулах сорту Hallertauer Tradition. Уміст бета-кислот в досліджуваних гранулах становить від 3,6% (Клон 18) до 6,7% у гранулах сорту Слов’янка. Необхідно відмітити, що гранули хмелю, виготовлені з сортів української селекції Заграва та Слов’янка мають значно вищі, порівняно з гранулами закордонних сортів, показники вмісту бета-кислот – 6,3 та 6,7% відповідно. У гранулах сортів Слов'янка, Клон 18, Жатецький та Заграва є значна перевага в смолах частки бета-кислот над часткою альфа-кислот, тобто, у них зберігається позитивний коефіцієнт ароматичності між умістом бета-кислот та альфа-кислот, що складає 1,18–1,37. У гранулах хмелю гірких сортів уміст альфа-кислот коливається від 8,7% у сорті Поліський до 14,1 % гранулах сорту Магнум. Уміст бета-кислот в цих же гранулах становить від 4,2% до 5,9%. Встановлено, що склад альфа-кислот та бета-кислот у досліджуваних гранулах змінюється залежно від сорту. Доведено, що гранули хмелю українського виробництва за своїми характеристиками відповідають світовим аналогам, а саме: гранули хмелю сортів Клон 18 за біохімічними та технологічними показниками відповідають характеристиці гранул чеського сорту Жатецький, гранули, виготовлені, з гіркого сорту Альта за біохімічними показниками відповідають гранулам німецького сорту Магнум, а гранули таких сортів, як Слов’янка та Заграва за складом та якістю гірких речовин та ефірної олії значно перевищують світові аналоги. На основі порівняльної біохімічної характеристики гранул хмелю тип 90 українського та європейського виробництва, встановлено відповідність якості українських хмелепродуктів світовому рівню. Сертифікована вітчизняна хмелепродукція, а саме гранули тип 90, може бути використана не лише пивоварними підприємствами України для виготовлення пива, а також іншими виробниками для створення нової інноваційної конкурентоспроможної продукції різного функціонального призначення.
Ключові слова:
гранули хмелю тип 90, якість, біохімічна оцінка, гіркі речовини, ефірна олія хмелю, сорти хмелю
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Як цитувати
Protsenko, L., Ryzhuk, S., Koshitska, N., Lyashenko, M., BoberА., Gunko, S., & Kazmirchuk, V. (2023). ПОРІВНЯЛЬНА ОЦІНКА ЯКОСТІ ГРАНУЛ ХМЕЛЮ УКРАЇНСЬКОГО ТА ЄВРОПЕЙСЬКОГО ВИРОБНИЦТВА. Food Science and Technology, 17(2). https://doi.org/10.15673/fst.v17i2.2604
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Розділ
Хімія харчових продуктів і матеріалів. Нові види сировини
Посилання
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14. Kovalev VB, Kozlik TI, Protsenko LV, Bober AV, Kormiltsev BF. Extending and maintaining the in vitro collection of (inter)national hop varieties in Ukraine. Agricultural Science and Practice. 2020;7(3):61-71. https://doi.org/10.15407/agrisp7.03.061
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