QUALITY CONTROL METHODS OF SHORTCRUST BISCUITS USING HIGHLY NON-TRADITIONAL RAW MATERIALS

Abstract

Butter cookies refer to products obtained on the basis of visco-plastic dough, which is characterized by a significant amount of fat components, sugar, and the use of wheat flour with an average gluten content. Such a formulation makes the finished product high-calorie and low biological value. The results of research aimed at enriching butter cookies by replacing wheat flour with amaranth flour and a mixture of sprouted cereals with simultaneous regulation of its sugar content by introducing polydextrose are presented in the article. Based on theoretical and experimental studies, it was established that the addition of amaranth flour contributed to the development of springy deformations in the dough and reduced the development of plastic deformations, led to friability, which is associated with a decrease in the content of gluten proteins, the heterogeneity of starch grains, including a significant increase in the amylopectin fraction of starch. It was found that maximum possible replacement was 50% of wheat flour with amaranth flour, which did not impair the taste and aroma of the finished product, but coused dark color both of the dough and the finished product. More amount of replacement of wheat flour with a crushed mixture of sprouted cereals deepened the negative effect on the structural and mechanical properties of the dough, namely, the general deformation of the samples increased, the relative plasticity decreased, and the relative springiness increased. Such regularities are caused by the introduction of a significant amount of dietary fibers into the mixture, as well as low molecular weight water-soluble compounds accumulated due to hydrolytic processes during germination. In the finished products, the baking index increased, there was also an increase in friability. The possibility of adding polydextrose to replace 50% of powdered sugar was experimentally confirmed to improve the structural and mechanical characteristics of dough based on a mixture of amaranth flour, germinated cereal and wheat flour, but the effect on the plastic characteristics of such a replacement was insignificant. In order to achieve the necessary quality indicators, it was proposed to introduce the cellulolytic enzyme preparation Alhamalt HCF from the manufacturer "Stern Ingredients" LLC. It was established that significant changes occurred in the consistency of the dough that was left to rest at a temperature of 35°C, it acquired the plasticity necessary for forming, did not tear, the dough blanks were not characterized by deformation of the seams, and the finished cookies had a smooth, uncracked surface. In the technological scheme for the production of butter cookies with a high content of non-traditional raw materials, it was proposed to introduce a dough resting stage with a temperature of 35 °C, which will allow the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose and its derivatives under the action of the introduced enzyme preparation, increase the accumulation of watersoluble sugars, which will lead to the plasticization of the semi-finished product