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Abstract
Technologies for thermal energy storage in sensible form (capacity-type storage units) and in latent form during phase transitions (melting and solidification) are analyzed. It is emphasized that the main problem hindering the full realization of the potential of solar thermal technologies is related to the intermittent nature of the energy source, and its efficient utilization depends on the availability of effective and high-performance energy storage systems. Based on the analysis of literature data, it has been established that greenhouse production is the most energy-intensive and costly sector of agriculture; therefore, increasing attention is being paid to the search for design solutions aimed at creating environmentally friendly and energy-efficient greenhouses. A schematic diagram of an experimental setup developed to investigate the accumulation of solar radiation heat by capacity-type and phase-change storage elements is presented. The paper describes a modular system for automated data acquisition, storage, and transmission developed in this study, which is used for continuous monitoring of temperature and illuminance. An analysis of temperature variation curves is provided for the ambient environment, the air inside the greenhouse model, modified paraffin T3 in accumulator tubes, the average temperature of crushed stone particles, and the water temperature at the greenhouse outlet. The experiment duration was 48 hours, and temperature data were recorded at 10-second intervals. The results of calculating the amount of heat accumulated by a dense crushed stone layer in a sensible heat storage system and the amount of heat accumulated by a phase-change material in a latent heat storage system are presented. It was determined that the specific amount of heat absorbed by the phase-change material is 7–9 times greater compared to the dense crushed stone layer; however, the use of a latent heat storage system is associated with the problem of installing storage units within the greenhouse volume. The final selection of a latent or sensible heat storage system depends on material cost, system manufacturing, design simplicity, and the possibility of integration into the greenhouse structure
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