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Abstract
Modern challenges of the energy sector of Ukraine, caused by the loss of a significant part of peak and semi-peak generating capacities, require the implementation of effective technological solutions to ensure the stability and reliability of the power system. One of the promising areas is the use of gas turbine plants, which, due to their high maneuverability, quick start-up and ability to operate in a wide range of loads, can significantly increase the flexibility of the power grid. An analysis of the world experience in the implementation of gas turbine technologies was conducted, including the integration of these units as part of combined cycle gas plants and hybrid systems with fuel cells. The main results of the study indicate that the use of gas turbines can significantly increase the stability and flexibility of the Ukrainian power system. The considered calculations show that combined cycles with gas turbine plants can achieve a coefficient of performance (COP) of up to 60–65%, which significantly exceeds the efficiency of traditional thermal power plants. In addition, the use of gas turbine plants as reserve capacities allows reducing the risks of outages during peak load periods and increasing the reliability of energy supply. The analysis of the studies also demonstrated that the integration of gas turbine plants with renewable energy sources allows compensating for the instability of solar and wind energy generation. In particular, the combination of gas turbine plants with hydrogen-based energy storage allows reducing CO₂ emissions by 30–40% compared to traditional gas turbines. Hydrogen gas turbine plants can become a promising solution for ensuring environmental sustainability of the energy sector, reducing dependence on imported energy resources and reducing the level of harmful emissions. In addition to environmental benefits, the use of the considered ones can contribute to the energy security of the country. Since gas turbine plants can operate on various types of fuel, including biogas, synthetic methane and hydrogen, their implementation can reduce Ukraine's dependence on imports of traditional energy resources and ensure greater autonomy of regional energy systems
Keywords:
Gas turbine plants, Energy security, Energy system balancing, Renewable energy sources, Hydrogen technologies, Hybrid energy systems, Generation efficiency
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How to Cite
Беднарська, І., Шелешей, Т., Тесленко, М., Яценко, С., & Островський, А. (2024). Technological modernization of Ukraine’s energy sector: challenges and opportunities for sustainable development. Refrigeration Engineering and Technology, 60(4), 297-308. https://doi.org/10.15673/ret.v60i4.3076
Issue
Section
Power engineering and energy saving
References
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21. Cen, S., Li, K., Liu, Q., Jiang, Y. (2021) Solar energy-based hydrogen production and post-firing in a biomass fueled gas turbine for power generation enhancement and carbon dioxide emission reduction. Energy Conversion and Management, 233, 113941.
22. Cao, Y., Leonardus W.W. Mihardjo, Dahari, M., Tlili, I. (2021) Waste heat from a biomass fueled gas turbine for power generation via an ORC or compressor inlet cooling via an absorption refrigeration cycle: A thermoeconomic comparison. Applied Thermal Engineering, 182, 116117.
23. Stefanizzi, M., Capurso, T., Filomeno, G., Torresi, M., & Pascazio, G. (2021). Recent Combustion Strategies in Gas Turbines for Propulsion and Power Generation toward a Zero-Emissions Future: Fuels, Burners, and Combustion Techniques. Energies, 14(20), 6694.
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25. Indlekofer, T., Ahn, B., Kwah, Y.H., Wiseman, S., Mazur, M., Dawson, J.R., Worth, N.A. (2021) The effect of hydrogen addition on the am-plitude and harmonic response of azimuthal instabilities in a pressurized annular combustor. Combustion and Flame, 228, 375-387.
26. Beita, J., Talibi, M., Sadasivuni, S., Balachandran, R. (2021) Thermoacoustic Instability Considerations for High Hydrogen Combustion in Lean Premixed Gas Turbine Combustors: A Review. Hydrogen, 2, 33-57.
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28. Khateeb, A.A., Guiberti, T.F., Zhu, X., Younes, M., Jamal, A., Roberts, W.L. (2020) Stability limits and exhaust NO performances of ammonia-methane-air swirl flames. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 114, 110058.
29. Franco, M.C., Rocha, R.C., Costa, M., Yehia, M. (2021) Characteristics of NH3/H2/air flames in a combustor fired by a swirl and bluff-body stabilized burner. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 4, 5129-5138.
30. Khateeb, A.A., Guiberti, T., Zhu, X., Younes, M., Jamal, A., Roberts, W. (2020) Stability limits and NO emissions of technically-premixed ammonia-hydrogen-nitrogen-air swirl flames. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 45, 22008-22018.
31. Okafor, E.C., Tsukamoto, M., Hayakawa, A., Somarathne, K.K.A., Kudo, T., Tsujimura, T. (2020) Influence of wall heat loss on the emission characteristics of premixed ammonia-air swirling flames interacting with the combustor wall. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 4, 5139-5146.
32. Khateeb, A.A., Guiberti, T., Wang, G., Boyette, W.R., Younes, M., Jamal, A., Roberts, W. (2021) Stability limits and NO emissions of premixed swirl ammonia-air flames enriched with hydrogen or methane at elevated pressures. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 21, 11969-11981.
33. De Giorgi, M.G., Fontanarosa, D., Ficarella, A., Pescini, E. (2020) Effects on performance, combustion and pollutants of water emulsified fuel in an aeroengine combustor. Applied Energy 260, 114263.
34. Fontanarosa, D., De Giorgi, M.G., Ciccarella, G., Pescini, E., Ficarella, A. (2021) Combus-tion performance of a low NOx gas turbine combustor using urea addition into liquid fuel. Fuel, 288, 119701.
35. Elhawary, S., Aminuddin, S., Wahid, M.A., Ghazali, A.D. (2020) Experimental study of using biogas in Pulse Detonation Engine with hydrogen enrichment. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 45, 15414-15424.
36. Garan, N., Djordjevic, N. (2021) Experimental and low-dimensional numerical study on the application of conventional NOx reduction methods in pulse detonation combustion. Combustion and Flame, 233, 111593.
37. Ma, J.Z., Luan, M.-Y., Xia, Z.J., Wang, J.P., Zhang, S.J., Yao, S.B., Wang, B. (2020) Recent Progress, Development Trends, and Consideration of Continuous Detonation Engines. AIAA Journal, 58, 4976-5035.
38. Schmitz, O., Klingels, H., Kufner, P. (2021) Aero Engine Concepts Beyond 2030: Part 1 – The Steam Injecting and Recovering Aero Engine. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 143, 021001.
39. Kaiser, S., Schmitz, O., Klingels, H. (2021) Aero Engine Concepts Beyond 2030: Part 2 – The Free-Piston Composite Cycle Engine. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 143, 021002.
40. Pouzolz, R., Schmitz, O., Klingels, H. (2021) Evaluation of the Climate Impact Reduction Potential of the Water-Enhanced Turbofan (WET) Concept. Aerospace, 8, 59.
41. Manesh, M.H.K., Ghorbani, S., Blanco-Marigorta, A.M. (2022) Optimal design and analysis of a combined freshwater-power generation system based on integrated solid oxide fuel cell-gas turbine-organic Rankine cycle-multi effect distillation sys-tem. Applied Thermal Engineering, 211, 118438.
42. Mohammadpour, M., Houshfar, E., Ashjaee, M., Mohammadpour, A. (2021) Energy and exergy analysis of biogas fired regenerative gas turbine cycle with CO2 recirculation for oxy-fuel combustion power generation. Energy, 220, 119687.
2. Aguiar, M. (2022). Environmental impacts of modern gas turbine installations. Journal of Sustainable Energy, 15(3), 210-225.
3. (2023) International Energy Agency. Global energy generation statistics 2022. Retrieved 11 November 2024 from https://www.iea.org/reports/global-energy-generation-statistics-2022.
4. Müller, P. (2023). Diversification of generating capacities and energy security. Energy Policy Review, 28(1), 45-60.
5. Smith, J. (2021). Economic feasibility of gas turbine use in urban areas. Urban Energy Journal, 10(2), 134-150.
6. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. (2022). Efficiency and emissions of combined cycle gas turbines. Retrieved 11 November 2024 from https://www.epa.gov/reports/efficiency-emissions-ccgt.
7. Wang, L., Zhang, H., Li, Y. (2022). Integration of gas turbines with renewable energy sources. Renewable Energy Integration Journal, 9(4), 300-315.
8. Zhang, B., Maloney, D., Harun, N. F., Zhou, N., Pezzini, P., Medam, A., Tucker, D. (2022). Rapid load transition for integrated solid oxide fuel cell–Gas turbine (SOFC-GT) energy systems: A demonstration of the potential for grid response. Energy Conversion and Management, 258, 115544.
9. Chen, H., Yang, C., Zhou, N., Harun, N.F., Oryshchyn, D., Tucker, D. (2020) High efficiencies with low fuel utilization and thermally integrated fuel reforming in a hybrid solid oxide fuel cell gas turbine system. Applied Energy, 272, 115160.
10. Jia, K., Liu, C., Li, S., Jiang, D. (2023) Modeling and optimization of a hybrid renewable energy system integrated with gas turbine and energy storage. Energy Conversion and Management, 279, 116763.
11. Matthew D. Leonard, Efstathios E. Michaelides, Dimitrios N. Michaelides. (2020) Energy storage needs for the substitution of fossil fuel power plants with renewables. Renewable Energy, 145, 951-962,
12. McLarty, D., Brouwer, J., Samuelsen, S. (2014) Fuel cell gas turbine hybrid system design part II: Dynamics and control. Journal of Power Sources, 254, 126-136.
13. General Electric Company (GE). 7HA.03 – The Next Evolution of the HA Gas Turbine. Company Brochure, GEA-34372. Retrieved 11 November 2024 from https://www.ge.com/content/dam/gepower/global/en_US/documents/gas/gas-turbines/7hacampaign/ 7ha.03-next-evolution-whitepaper.pdf.
14. Patel, S. High-Volume Hydrogen Gas Turbines Take Shape. Power. Retrieved 11 November 2024 from https://www.powermag.com/high-volume-hydrogen-gas-turbines-take-shape/.
15. Siemens Energy 2021. Hydrogen Power Plants Service and Solutions. Company Brochure. Retrieved 11 November 2024 from https://assets.siemens-energy.com/siemens/assets/api/uuid:16055a11-bacf-408e-a9fb-1d87da69a01e/hydrogenpowerplantsserviceand-solutions.pdf
16. Statista 2021. Leading Gas Turbines Between 2016 and 2025, Based on Global Market Share. Retrieved 11 November 2024 from https://www.statista.com/statistics/829959/global-gas-turbine-manufacturers-based-on-global-market-share/
17. Amar, P. K., Staudt, J. (2000) Status Report on NOx Controls for Gas Turbines, Cement Kilns, Industrial Boilers, Internal Combustion Engines – Technologies & Cost Effectiveness. North East States for Coordinated Air-Use Management (NESCAUM), Boston, MA, Report. Retrieved 11 November 2024 from https://www.nescaum.org/documents/nox-2000.pdf
18. Samitha Weerakoon, A.H., Assadi, M. (2023) Trends and advances in micro gas turbine technology for sustainable energy solutions: A detailed review. Energy Conversion and Management: X, 20, 100483.
19. Bhat, S., Vegesna, V. (2023). Discovering the Attractiveness of Hydrogen-Fuelled Gas Turbines in Future Energy Systems. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science Engineering and Technology, 12, 731-738.
20. Lefebvre, A. Ballal, D. (2010). Gas Turbine Combustion: Alternative Fuels and Emissions, Third Edition. CRC Press, 557.
21. Cen, S., Li, K., Liu, Q., Jiang, Y. (2021) Solar energy-based hydrogen production and post-firing in a biomass fueled gas turbine for power generation enhancement and carbon dioxide emission reduction. Energy Conversion and Management, 233, 113941.
22. Cao, Y., Leonardus W.W. Mihardjo, Dahari, M., Tlili, I. (2021) Waste heat from a biomass fueled gas turbine for power generation via an ORC or compressor inlet cooling via an absorption refrigeration cycle: A thermoeconomic comparison. Applied Thermal Engineering, 182, 116117.
23. Stefanizzi, M., Capurso, T., Filomeno, G., Torresi, M., & Pascazio, G. (2021). Recent Combustion Strategies in Gas Turbines for Propulsion and Power Generation toward a Zero-Emissions Future: Fuels, Burners, and Combustion Techniques. Energies, 14(20), 6694.
24. Æsøy, E., Aguilar, J.G., Wiseman, S., Bothien, M.R., Worth, N.A., Dawson, J.R. (2020) Scaling and prediction of transfer functions in lean premixed H2/CH4-flames. Combustion and Flame, 215, 269-282.
25. Indlekofer, T., Ahn, B., Kwah, Y.H., Wiseman, S., Mazur, M., Dawson, J.R., Worth, N.A. (2021) The effect of hydrogen addition on the am-plitude and harmonic response of azimuthal instabilities in a pressurized annular combustor. Combustion and Flame, 228, 375-387.
26. Beita, J., Talibi, M., Sadasivuni, S., Balachandran, R. (2021) Thermoacoustic Instability Considerations for High Hydrogen Combustion in Lean Premixed Gas Turbine Combustors: A Review. Hydrogen, 2, 33-57.
27. Engineering ToolBox, Fuels-Higher and Lower Calorific Values. Retrieved 11 November 2024 from https://www.engineeringtoolbox.com.
28. Khateeb, A.A., Guiberti, T.F., Zhu, X., Younes, M., Jamal, A., Roberts, W.L. (2020) Stability limits and exhaust NO performances of ammonia-methane-air swirl flames. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 114, 110058.
29. Franco, M.C., Rocha, R.C., Costa, M., Yehia, M. (2021) Characteristics of NH3/H2/air flames in a combustor fired by a swirl and bluff-body stabilized burner. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 4, 5129-5138.
30. Khateeb, A.A., Guiberti, T., Zhu, X., Younes, M., Jamal, A., Roberts, W. (2020) Stability limits and NO emissions of technically-premixed ammonia-hydrogen-nitrogen-air swirl flames. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 45, 22008-22018.
31. Okafor, E.C., Tsukamoto, M., Hayakawa, A., Somarathne, K.K.A., Kudo, T., Tsujimura, T. (2020) Influence of wall heat loss on the emission characteristics of premixed ammonia-air swirling flames interacting with the combustor wall. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 4, 5139-5146.
32. Khateeb, A.A., Guiberti, T., Wang, G., Boyette, W.R., Younes, M., Jamal, A., Roberts, W. (2021) Stability limits and NO emissions of premixed swirl ammonia-air flames enriched with hydrogen or methane at elevated pressures. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 21, 11969-11981.
33. De Giorgi, M.G., Fontanarosa, D., Ficarella, A., Pescini, E. (2020) Effects on performance, combustion and pollutants of water emulsified fuel in an aeroengine combustor. Applied Energy 260, 114263.
34. Fontanarosa, D., De Giorgi, M.G., Ciccarella, G., Pescini, E., Ficarella, A. (2021) Combus-tion performance of a low NOx gas turbine combustor using urea addition into liquid fuel. Fuel, 288, 119701.
35. Elhawary, S., Aminuddin, S., Wahid, M.A., Ghazali, A.D. (2020) Experimental study of using biogas in Pulse Detonation Engine with hydrogen enrichment. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 45, 15414-15424.
36. Garan, N., Djordjevic, N. (2021) Experimental and low-dimensional numerical study on the application of conventional NOx reduction methods in pulse detonation combustion. Combustion and Flame, 233, 111593.
37. Ma, J.Z., Luan, M.-Y., Xia, Z.J., Wang, J.P., Zhang, S.J., Yao, S.B., Wang, B. (2020) Recent Progress, Development Trends, and Consideration of Continuous Detonation Engines. AIAA Journal, 58, 4976-5035.
38. Schmitz, O., Klingels, H., Kufner, P. (2021) Aero Engine Concepts Beyond 2030: Part 1 – The Steam Injecting and Recovering Aero Engine. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 143, 021001.
39. Kaiser, S., Schmitz, O., Klingels, H. (2021) Aero Engine Concepts Beyond 2030: Part 2 – The Free-Piston Composite Cycle Engine. Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power, 143, 021002.
40. Pouzolz, R., Schmitz, O., Klingels, H. (2021) Evaluation of the Climate Impact Reduction Potential of the Water-Enhanced Turbofan (WET) Concept. Aerospace, 8, 59.
41. Manesh, M.H.K., Ghorbani, S., Blanco-Marigorta, A.M. (2022) Optimal design and analysis of a combined freshwater-power generation system based on integrated solid oxide fuel cell-gas turbine-organic Rankine cycle-multi effect distillation sys-tem. Applied Thermal Engineering, 211, 118438.
42. Mohammadpour, M., Houshfar, E., Ashjaee, M., Mohammadpour, A. (2021) Energy and exergy analysis of biogas fired regenerative gas turbine cycle with CO2 recirculation for oxy-fuel combustion power generation. Energy, 220, 119687.