Світовий ринок СПГ. Вимоги до якості поставляємого газу в різних регіонах світу

Abstract

Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is a compact form of natural gas (NG) transportation. The main task of implementing the technology of production and supply of liquefied natural gas is to ensure the stable development of energy. This is most relevant for European countries. As the liquefied natural gas market expands, its supply infrastructure is evolving. New LNG liquefaction and regasification terminals are under construction. However, there are no LNG terminals in the Black Sea. NG supplies are made from Russia. To diversify supplies, Romania in Constanta and Ukraine in Odessa planned to build LNG terminals. In practice, there is little progress in this direction. Currently, there are about 120 LNG terminals on the planet in 42 countries (excluding several dozen planned or under construction). The total capacity of existing terminals exceeds 850 million tons, which is more than twice as much as global gas liquefaction capacity. The liquefied natural gas supplied is usually used as fuel. In Europe, the quality of gas consumed is regulated at the federal level, while in the United States it is determined at the local level. There is a need to standardize the quality requirements of LNG produced in factories and supplied to the consumer. This task is no less important for Ukraine. The main characteristic of gas quality is its calorific value. In continental Europe, a different classification of natural gases has been adopted: low-calorie gas (L-gas), high-calorie (H-gas) and E (intermediate grade), established by the European standard EN437. A fairly common characteristic of LNG quality is the Wobbe number. The physical meaning of this index is that at the same pressure, gases with the same Wobbe number will give the same energy flow. In order for the seller to be able to profitably sell his product, made in compliance with all conditions and existing standards, and the consumer – to get the product of appropriate quality or bring its quality to the required characteristics, it is necessary to develop general requirements for LNG, which will be recognized throughout the world