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Анотація
Аналіз стану харчування людей в Україні свідчить, що населення харчується не якісно, що значно погіршує стан його здоров’я та працездатності. Розв’язання проблеми можливе шляхом змін у структурі харчування, і перш за все, шляхом збільшення в раціоні овочів і фруктів високої якості, сорти яких створені за допомогою стратегій біофортифікації. Біофортифікація є інноваційним та багатообіцяючим підходом у вирішенні глобальних проблем, пов’язаних із харчуванням. Метою біофортифікації є створення рослин з підвищеними рівнями вмісту у них необхідних функціональних інгредієнтів, що поглинаються з ґрунту, а також і тих, що синтезуються в рослині. Стратегії біофортифікації полягають у розробці оптимальних шляхів мінерального живлення рослин, створенні нових їх видів за допомогою молекулярногенетичних підходів та у використанні прийомів традиційної селекції. Метою роботи є аналіз сучасного досвіду створення за допомогою стратегій біофортифікації сортів різноманітних фруктових та овочевих культур, які мають підвищений вміст функціональних інгредієнтів. На основі літературного огляду встановлено, що багато років розвивається нетрадиційний напрямок селекції – створення сортів і гібридів фруктів та овочів із рекомендованим хімічним складом. Створені сорти овочів і фруктів з підвищеним умістом білка (горіхоплідні та бобові); крохмалю (картопля); каротиноїдів, сухих речовин, дисахаридів (морква, гарбузові); вітаміну С, бетаніну, цукрів (буряк столовий); селену (томати); біофлавоноїдів, вітаміну С (капустяні овочі); макро- та мікроелементів (цибулинні овочі) і т. ін. Таку сировину можливо використовувати для створення продуктів спеціального призначення, що значно покращить якість раціону харчування населення та його здоров’я. Показано, що розвиток нетрадиційного направлення в селекції залишається перспективним, а вивчення зразків вітчизняної колекції сільськогосподарських культур і виділення із них найкращих сортів для різноманітних напрямків використання, а особливо для виробництва продуктів спеціального призначення є важливим народногосподарським і науковим завданням інноваційного характеру, який треба розвивати, тому що проблема оздоровлення нації повинна стояти на першому місці.
Ключові слова:
біофортифікація, сорти овочів і фруктів, біохімічний склад, харчування
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Як цитувати
Dubinina, A., Zaitseva, V., Mardar, M., Kuklina, T., Cherevko, O., Lehnert, S., Letuta, T., & Tatar, L. (2023). ПОКРАЩЕННЯ ЯКОСТІ ОВОЧІВ ТА ФРУКТІВ ЗА ДОПОМОГОЮ СТРАТЕГІЙ БІОФОРТИФІКАЦІЇ. Food Science and Technology, 17(3). https://doi.org/10.15673/fst.v17i3.2650
Номер
Розділ
Нутриціологія, дієтологія, проблеми харчування
Посилання
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7. Christine Hotz, Kenneth HBrown. International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group, Assessment risk of zinc deficiency in populations and options for its control. Overview of Zinc Nutrition. Food and Nutrition Bulletin. 2004;25(1):99-129. https://doi.org/10.1177/15648265040251S205
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9. Baryliak IR. Problems of prevention of hereditary pathology and congenital malformations. Journal of the Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine. 2003;9(4):656-667 (in Ukrainian).
10. de Walle H, Reefhuis J, Corne M. Folic acid prevents more than neural tube defects; a registry-based study in the northern Netherlands. Eur J Epidemiol. 2003;18(3):279-280. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023385500037
11. Burlaka OM, Sorochynskyi BV. Plant biotechnology : biofortification of food plants. Kyiv : DIA; 2010 (in Ukrainian).
12. Resolution on the approval of the draft Concept of the State scientific and technical program "Biofortification and functional products based on plant raw materials for 2012-2016". 2011;189. (accessed on 14 July 2023). ttps://zakon.rada.gov.ua/rada/show/v0189550-11#Text (in Ukrainian).
13. Vlasenko MYu, Veliaminova-Zernova LD, Kononenko OI, Kyienko 3B. Evaluation of economically valuable and consumer qualities of new potato varieties. Agricultural news. 2002;1:13-14 (in Ukrainian).
14. Revunova LH. The influence of different types of fertilizers in combination with growth regulators on the productivity of new potato varieties in the conditions of Polissia of Ukraine. The current state and prospects for the development of seed production in Ukraine; 19-20 Oct. 2004; Kharkiv. 2004;74-75 (in Ukrainian).
15. Ostrenko MV. Creation of potato breeding material with increased and high content of vitamins and crude protein. International scientific symposium Modern technologies of the selection process of agricultural crops; 7-8 July 2004. Kharkiv. 204;102-103 (in Ukrainian).
16. Dubinina AA, Letuta TM, Syzykh YuV. Research of the chemical composition of botanical varieties of potatoes regionalized in the Kharkiv region. Progressive equipment and technologies of food production, restaurant business and trade. 2010;2(12):429-435 (in Ukrainian).
17. Ilchuk LA, Ilchuk RV. Variety as a factor influencing the productivity and quality of potatoes. Foothill and mountain agriculture and animal husbandry. 2002;44:37-44 (in Ukrainian).
18. Barsukova VE. Variability of the main components of biochemical composition of red beet roots in connection with adaptive breeding Babtai. Horticulture and vegetable growing. 1998;17(2):71-75.
19. Dubinina AA, Seliutina HA, Penkina NM, Kruhlova OS. Comparative characteristics of conventional and biofortified table beet varieties and their use. Kharkiv : KhDUKhT; 2013 (in Ukrainian).
20. Kuts OV. Hladkikh RP. The influence of trace elements on the yield and quality of table beet products in the conditions of the Left Bank of Ukraine. Agronomy. 2007;11:459-463 (in Ukrainian).
21. Dubinina AA, Olkhovska VS. Biochemical features of promising varieties of tomatoes for the production of concentrated products. Kharkiv : KhDUKhT; 2013 (in Ukrainian).
22. Havrys IL. Biochemical indicators of tomato fruits using plant growth regulators. Scientific reports of NAU. 2007;1(6):1-6 (in Ukrainian).
23. Dydiv OY. The influence of cultivation methods on the yield and quality of late-ripening white cabbage in the conditions of the Western Forest Steppe of Ukraine. Agronomy. 2007;11:374-379 (in Ukrainian).
24. Zhuk OYa, Korobka OI. Economic assessment of mid-ripening and mid-late varieties and hybrids of red cabbage. Vegetable and Melon Growing. 2007;53:426-433 (in Ukrainian).
25. Bilenka OM. Source material in the selection of onion for dormancy. Vegetable growing and melon growing. 2012; 58:43-49 (in Ukrainian).
26. Dubinina AA, Ovchinnikova IF, Syzykh YuV. Research of chemical composition of botanical varieties of onion. Collection of scientific papers of the Luhansk National Agrarian University. 2008;1:43-50 (in Ukrainian).
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33. Dubinina AA, Letuta TM, Kuziakhmetova AA. Study of the chemical composition of sweet pepper varieties regionalized in Eastern Ukraine. Food Science. 2008;34(2):41-45 (in Ukrainian).
34. Dubinina AA, Letuta TM, Kuziakhmetova AA. Study of the ability of sweet pepper fruits to accumulate nitrates depending on varietal specificity and their localization. Progressive equipment and technologies of food production, restaurant industry and trade. 2006;6:324-332 (in Ukrainian).
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66. Dubinina SO. Study of the steroid complex of white root crops. Food Science. 2008;1:56-60 (in Ukrainian).
67. Dubinina SO. Antioxidant properties of white root crops. Progressive equipment and technologies of food production, restaurant business and trade. 2008;2:470-475 (in Ukrainian).
68. Lehnert SO, Maliuk LP. Optimization of recipes of vegetable and cottage cheese pastes using the method of mathematical programming. Commodities and markets. 2010;1:82-89 (in Ukrainian).
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72. Marochko VA. Grain characteristics of experimental corn hybrids in terms of grain yield and culinary quality. Bulletin of the Institute of Grain Management of the UAAN. 2007;30:56-59 (in Ukrainian).
73. Satarova TM, Shevtsova IYu, Cherchel VYu, Marochko VA. Inheritance of endosperm consistency and carotenoid content in food corn. Breeding and seed production. 2007;94:141-150 (in Ukrainian).
74. Morhun OV, Bublyk MO. Yield and quality of hazelnut fruits in the conditions of the forest-steppe of Ukraine. Gardening. 2004;55:63-71 (in Ukrainian).
75. Seliutina HA, Dubinina AA, Afukova NO. Research of the chemical composition of different varieties of gooseberries, which are regionalized in the Kharkiv region. Modern directions of technology and mechanization of processing and food production processes. 2007;58:297-302 (in Ukrainian).